适用于一票制公交大数据的系统化处理方法及应用 ——以银川市为例

为分析公交乘客出行特征，利用公交IC卡数据、公交GPS数据、车载机数据和单程站点关系表，通过各类数据关联融合，提出适用于一票制公交大数据的系统化处理方法。基于Oracle搭建分析数据库，采用Python语言编写代码，构建了乘客上车站点推断算法、基于出行链的乘客下车站点推断算法、基于概率的乘客下车站点推断算法和乘客换乘站点识别算法4种站点推断算法。基于此，运用银川公交大数据进行客流集散点识别、客流走廊识别，得到公交站点上下客流量分布情况、公交线路客流量分布情况、公交站点的换乘客流量分布情况。研究结果表明，一票制公交大数据系统化处理方法在分析公交乘客出行特征方面具有一定的应用价值。     

基于Q-learning 的定制公交跨区域路径规划研究

考虑城市大客流通勤者跨区域出行需求，结合城市公交线网中乘客出行密集、客流走向规律等特点，提出一种跨区域定制公交的搭乘方案. 通过改进的Q-learning 模型对公交线路进行优化，为城市通勤者提供更加便捷和高效的出行服务. 通过综合路段拥堵状态、乘客需求及居民小区位置，设定了Q-learning 强化学习的奖惩函数，提升定制公交区域路径的直线系数、满载率、通行时间. 结果表明，所提出的改进方法能够降低通勤者跨区域通行的旅行时间，有效提高髙峰时段定制公交线网的通行效率.     

基于交叉口双站台的BRT 优先控制研究

为解决交叉口因BRT优先影响其他车辆通行问题，提出基于交叉口双站台的BRT 优先控制方法. 给出交叉口BRT双站台设置方法，对比分析BRT在交叉口单、双站台的平均延误. 根据BRT发车时刻、交叉口信号配时、BRT平均车速、交叉口间距及站台停靠时间等，制定 BRT站台预停靠方案和行车时刻表. 为确保BRT按照预停靠站台及时刻表运行，采用BRT车速引导与信号配时双重补偿修正BRT 实际离站时刻与时刻表的偏差. 以常州BRT 1 号线为例，对应用本文方法的5 个交叉口进行分析. 结果表明：BRT在每个站台实际离站时刻偏差范围为±5 s、±10 s、±20 s 时，本文优先控制方法显著减少BRT停车次数和延误，提高了BRT整体运营效率.     

构建快速公交系统无缝衔接旅游区域与城际轨道站的分析与探索

本文分析了大中城市中短途休闲旅游的交通出行特征,探讨了当前中短途休闲旅游交通出行方式中存在的公共交通分担率较低等问题,论述了当前交通需求下积极构建快速公交系统无缝衔接休闲旅游景区与城际轨道站点的必要性。结合交通运输部提出的"快进"的旅游交通运输系统指示,通过构建无缝衔接换乘体系,打造能够适应当前休闲旅游"舒适、安全、便捷、快速"交通出行需求的快速公交无缝衔接体系,具有重要意义。     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

Signal coordination model for local arterial with heavy bus flows

Conventional Transit Signal Priority (TSP) controls often reach the limitation for arterials accommodating heavy bus flows since the priority function can significantly increase delay at minor streets. Under such conditions, a proper signal progression plan that accounts for the benefits of buses may offer the potential to improve the reliability of bus operations and increase the bus ridership. This study proposes a bus-based progression model to reduce the delay of buses on local arterials. Given the cycle length and green splits at each intersection, the bus-based progression model, grounded on the same notion as conventional signal progression methods, considers the operational characteristics of transit vehicles, such as the impact of bus dwell time and the capacity constraints at bus stops. Also, to deal with the stochastic nature of dwell time, this study introduces additional constraints to maximize the percentage of buses which can stay within the green band after leaving bus stops. Taking an arterial with five intersections and three two-way bus stops as an example, this study applies VISSIM as an unbiased tool for model evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can significantly reduce bus passenger delays and the average person delays for the entire arterial, compared with the conventional progression models.     

城市公交GPS轨迹路线图制作研究

以哈尔滨市104路公交为主要研究对象,详细介绍城市公交的GPS轨迹路线图制作时所需的软硬件,以及数据的采集方法,叙述数据的整合与分类过程。通过将主要公交站点周围兴趣点信息增添到轨迹点附近,构成包含有站点轨迹信息、站点影像信息的沿途轨迹信息。经过整合与分类,通过HOLUX ezTour软件对数据进行处理,阐述轨迹查询、地标的新增与删改和轨迹的添加与变换等功能。并使用Google Earth三维图像对轨迹路线全面整合,最终制作成城市公交GPS轨迹路线图。     

单交叉口公交信号优先控制策略建模研究

为研究公交信号优先策略对交叉口公交车及社会车辆的影响,建立公交信号优先控制模型及延误模型,以采取公交优先方式后交叉口所有车辆的人总延误减小为控制目标,引入效益指数PI,以信号交叉口优先相位获得的效益与非优先相位损失效益的差值来衡量整体效益,使得每一次采取的公交优先策略都能提高信号交叉口的整体效益。结果表明:在信号交叉口采取信号优先控制策略后,交叉口车辆的人总延误显著降低。本研究成果对其他信号优先控制方式模型、交叉口群公交优先协调控制等具有一定的参考价值和理论意义。     

A systematic analysis of multimodal transport systems with road space distribution and responsive bus service

A smart design of transport systems involves efficient use and allocation of the limited urban road capacity in the multimodal environment. This paper intends to understand the system-wide effect of dividing the road space to the private and public transport modes and how the public transport service provider responds to the space changes. To this end, the bimodal dynamic user equilibrium is formulated for separated road space. The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) model is employed to depict the dynamics of the automobile traffic for its state-dependent feature, its inclusion of hypercongestion, and its advantage of capturing network topology. The delay of a bus trip depends on the running speed which is in turn affected by bus lane capacity and ridership. Within the proposed bimodal framework, the steady-state equilibrium traffic characteristics and the optimal bus fare and service frequency are analytically derived. The counter-intuitive properties of traffic condition, modal split, and behavior of bus operator in the hypercongestion are identified. To understand the interaction between the transport authority (for system benefit maximization) and the bus operator (for its own benefit maximization), we examine how the bus operator responds to space changes and how the system benefit is influenced with the road space allocation. With responsive bus service, the condition, under which expanding bus lane capacity is beneficial to the system as a whole, has been analytically established. Then the model is applied to the dynamic framework where the space allocation changes with varying demand and demand-responsive bus service. We compare the optimal bus services under different economic objectives, evaluate the system performance of the bimodal network, and explore the dynamic space allocation strategy for the sake of social welfare maximization.     

Estimating the bus user time benefits of implementing a median busway: Methodology and case study

This paper presents a general framework to estimate the bus user time benefits of a median busway including the effects on travel time and access time. Unlike previous models, we take into account the effects of geometry and the interaction with the demand structure. Models for predicting the bus in-vehicle time benefits of a median dual carriageway busway against mixed traffic condition on 2 and 3 lanes roads are estimated using data from a case study in Santiago (Chile), using a bus travel time model empirically estimated and considering different base case situations, including mixed traffic operations and bus lanes. Results of the application show that the expected in-vehicle time savings of a median busway might be reduced by access time losses due to increased walking distances and road crossing delays. Also, that net time benefits can vary significantly according to the base situation and the structure of demand considered. These findings point out to the need of including a wider set of impacts when studying the benefits of median busways, beyond in-vehicle time savings only. The empirical work presented here is completely based on passive data coming from GPS and smartcards, what makes easier and cheaper to conduct this type of analysis as well as to do it with a comprehensive scope at an early stage of the development of a BRT project. This framework can be extended to other types of dedicated bus lanes provided that a corresponding bus travel time savings model is available.